"We shall not cease from exploration. And the end of all our exploring will be to arrive where we started and know the place for the first time." 
-T. S. Eliot (Nobel Literature, 1948)

Research

We explore materials and surface chemistry from a synthetic perspective, applying physical organic analysis to the formation and characterization of heterogeneous systems on the molecular level. Our current primary focus is on the crystallization of organic substrates.

Mechanistic and Kinetic Studies of the Synthesis of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are crystalline, porous polymer networks with high surface areas, low densities and structures designed from simple molecular building blocks. Despite intense interest in framework materials, the nucleation and growth processes of COFs (and even far more established metal-organic frameworks) are poorly understood. By advancing our understanding of the mechanism of COF nucleation and growth,  we address common challenges in the synthesis of these systems and advance the development of new framework materials.

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Crystallization of Small Molecules

Many approaches exist for the crystallization of small molecules, from both solution and pure states. We explore methods to control both the crystalline form (polymorphism, solvates) as well as kinetics of crystallization, such as through using host-guest chemistry to control supersaturation conditions via competitive equilibria.

Surface Immobilization of Metal Complexes and Oxidation Catalysis

The immobilization of discrete metal complexes onto a surface combines the selectivity and tunability of homogeneous catalysis with the practical advantages of a heterogeneous system. Beyond simplified catalyst removal and recycling, immobilization also provides mechanical control over intermolecular interactions of species in a way unachievable under purely homogeneous conditions (such as the stabilization of unique metal ligation environments). A comparison between the catalytic performance of site-isolated, site-dense, and homogeneous species provides insight into possible active species and potential deactivation pathways.